Science Standards of Learning for Florida Public Schools

Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport).

Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Relate the major structure of fungi to their functions.

Discuss the relationship between the evolution of land plants and their anatomy.

Classify and state the defining characteristics of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Describe the anatomy and histology of bone tissue.

Distinguish between bones of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Identify the major bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton.

Describe the anatomy and histology, including ultrastructure, of muscle tissue.

List the steps involved in the sliding filament of muscle contraction.

Describe signal transmission across a myoneural junction.

Explain the physiology of skeletal muscle.

Identify the major muscles of the human on a model or diagram.

Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems and name the major divisions of the nervous system..

Describe the physiology of nerve conduction, including the generator potential, action potential, and the synapse..

Identify the parts of a reflex arc.

Identify the general parts of a synapse and describe the physiology of signal transmission across a synapse.

Identify the major parts of a cross section through the spinal cord.

Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models.

Identify the functions of the major parts of the brain, including the meninges, medulla, pons, midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and cerebrum.

Identify the major functions of the spinal cord.

Define the terms endocrine and exocrine.

Compare endocrine and neural controls of physiology.

Describe the physiology of hormones including the different types and the mechanisms of their action.

Describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system.

Describe the composition and physiology of blood, including that of the plasma and the formed elements.

Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system.

Describe the histology of the major arteries and veins of systemic, pulmonary, hepatic portal, and coronary circulation.

Describe the anatomy and the physiology of the lymph system.

Describe the histology of the respiratory system.

Describe the physiology of the respiratory system including the mechanisms of ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport and the mechanisms that control the rate of ventilation.

Describe the histology of the alimentary canal and its associated accessory organs.

Describe the physiology of the digestive system, including mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption and the neural and hormonal mechanisms of control.

Describe the physiology of urine formation by the kidney.

Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra.

Identify the major functions associated with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Describe the structure of vertebrate sensory organs. Relate structure to function in vertebrate sensory systems.

Describe the function of the vertebrate integumentary system.

Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics.

Discuss basic classification and characteristics of plants. Identify bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

Describe how biological diversity is increased by the origin of new species and how it is decreased by the natural process of extinction.

Describe how and why organisms are hierarchically classified and based on evolutionary relationships.

Explain the role of reproductive isolation in the process of speciation.

Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success.

Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal) and describe ways these systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.

Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal) and describe ways these systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.

Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal) and describe ways these systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.

Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal variations, climate change and succession.

Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms, including predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, and mutualism.

Characterize the biotic and abiotic components that define freshwater systems, marine systems and terrestrial systems.

Recognize the consequences of the losses of biodiversity due to catastrophic events, climate changes, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native species.

Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels.

Diagram and explain the biogeochemical cycles of an ecosystem, including water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle.

Evaluate the costs and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources, such as water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, and forests.

Discuss the political, social, and environmental consequences of sustainable use of land.

Discuss the large-scale environmental impacts resulting from human activity, including waste spills, oil spills, runoff, greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and surface and groundwater pollution.

Describe how human population size and resource use relate to environmental quality.

Describe how different natural resources are produced and how their rates of use and renewal limit availability.

Predict the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability.

Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis.

Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration..

Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.